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It was gray and pink and soft and its trun O}k turned up and he was sitting at the table surrounded by decorations and smells of Christmas when his father sa P}id, "Why are you crying?" "Other women get rings, watches," his mother scr Q}eamed, her eyes slitted, her teeth bared. He had never seen her look ugly. "I get this crappy radio." R} His father slapped her. In Sher- rill's imagination the s S}ound made the bells jingle on the Christmas tree. His father got his hat and coat and left the house. His mother t T}urned back to the stove where she was cook- ing his breakfast, her tears sizzling when they hit the skillet. Withou U}t a word she put a plate before him and left the room. V} He sat clutching the toy elephant, unable to eat, afraid to cry aloud. He sat for hours, more than alone, terr W}ified of being forever alone. His mother came into the room, took his untouched plate, dumped it into the garbage. X} "Go tell your father his Christmas dinner is ready," she said. It was a voice he did not recognize. Y} He did not want to face his father but he was afraid for his mother to speak to him again. Z} Carrying the elephant, he walked out of the house, pushed through the gate. The sun was bright but the wind was [}cold and he had forgotten his coat; his mother had forgotten to tell him. He went to the hen house, the hog pens, the \}corral, the garage. He found his father in the barn sitting on the tractor as though he were driving it. Sherri ]}ll was afraid to speak to him and on the verge of crying again when his father said, "I never wanted to be married." ^} His father got off the tractor. He took off his heavy coat and draped it over _} Sherrill's shoulders. Back at the house they all sat down and with- out a word tried to eat. After they had given `} up the meal, Sherrill's father listened to the radio for a while, but when he went to milk, Sherrill's mot a}her turned it off. Until his father died, she never turned the radio on, although she sometimes told Sher b}rill programs he might enjoy listening to. c} (ROBERT FLYNN is the author of "North to Yesterday" and other acclaimed novels and plays. Recently, d}his "Seasonal Rain and Other Stories," an anthology of his fiction, was published by Corona.) e} hen he was seven, Sherrill got a stuffed elephant for Christmas. It was gray and pink and soft and its trun „…í7LÕÚFFÎSSÆTFÆTÆFÔFÈTLE¤PIC¤TXT¤BYL¤PGÅÎAKÂPGÓAMÂAP°AMÍAPLÒYÐPLR¤AHÐXÐWIÄKEÙKÙATÐAÔAMÓSCÒPG¤APÇDLS¤AMÄDCMP¤T¤DLIT¤g}MS¤KB¤MB¤MD¤MM¤ANÓRPÔ@AYAdAU@4@@A�(� ‡. � –. � ((( h} @aBV—@BX"B„BYBc8�©0B2H@B@&B9aBi}9aBT�B�. BV‚�!7/&Ê"BXi�#0¨¨�$P--�%â-67�&P-’’�'(.__�(¥.//�)Ô.**�*þ.99+@&j},@š6€-@6�-'6‚-AY36ƒ-Ad?6„-AUK6…-@4W6†-@@c6‡-Ai(}u@e�k} Bš6ˆ. ôèÅ ÒeadING coÒÎåò d6‰. D:READCOR.CMP+6Š. 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This time we'll be taking a look at some of theè} skills which are important for children who have already begun the reading process. Specifically, we'll be fé}ocusing on some of the skills involved in under- standing and remembering what is read. ê} Let's begin by taking a look at your own reading comprehension. Here is a test about the material you rë}ead on the previous screen. Type T for True and F for False. ì} 1. THE READING CORNER is a series of articles for people who are pí}reparing to take the Medical School Entrance Exam. ___ î} 2. This article is about reading comprehension. ___ ï} Your responses to this brief test indicated somethingð} about your level of reading comprehension - your ability to understand and remember what you have read. Altñ}hough you probably found these questions very easy, there are undoubtedly other areas of reading comprehensioò}n which would be quite difficult for you (e.g., the Medical School Entrance Exam). ó} In this article, we'll discuss some of the things you can do to help your ô} child move from her present level of understanding toward the level of the mature reader. õ} Experts in the field of reading instruction don't agree on the number of compreö}hension skills children need to acquire, but there are at least a dozen, and perhaps as many as one hundred. In t÷}his article, we'll be working on just two of these skills: 1) understanding word meanings, and 2) classifying. ø} Let's see how your own comprehen- sion is coming along. Où}n the next screen, you'll see some reading com- prehension questions. Type the letter which corresponds to the corrú}ect answer. The computer will provide feedback about your answer. If your answer is incorrect, try again. û} 1. According to the experts, how many reading comprehension skills do children need to acquire? ü} a. Fewer than twelve. b. Somewhere between twelve and ý} one hundred. 2. One of the skills we'll be talking aboutþ} in this article is: a. classifying b. predicÿ}ting outcomes When you answered these questions, you were doing exac}tly what you'll be helping your child learn to do - understanding the printed message. The first of the comp}rehension skills we'll be discussing is under- standing word meanings. The best way to help your child develop th}is skill is through informal conversation. As you talk to your child, stretch her mind by using more sophisticated w}ords which are easily understood through context. } Here are some examples. "Let's talk about it after dinner. We'll have more time to 'discuss' it then." Or, }"Several cars and trucks have passed us. Those 'vehicles' are moving very fast." } Always make sure that the context provides clues} to the meanings of the new words. Here are some ad}ditional ways of helping your child develop an understanding of word meanings.  } 1. Read to your child every day. This is one of the most important things you can do.  } 2. Take your child on trips to museums, fairs, department sto }res, the zoo, etc. Expand your child's horizons.  } 3. Don't let the TV be your baby sitter. Watch television WITH your child, and make sure that she  }understands what she's watching. Another way to build an understan}ding of word meanings is through computer games. Here's one which asks your child to select the correct meanin}g for each word. At the top of the screen you'll see some pictures of ob}jects. Below the pictures you'll see some brief sentences. Your child's job is to match the sentences with} the objects. Help your child find the number on the keyboard which correspond}s to the correct response. If your child chooses an incorrect answer, a buzzer will sound. If the answer is corr}ect, your child will hear a bell. There are two sections to this game. } The two sections may be played in sequence or each may be repeated as many times as you desire. } After you have finished playing the the game, you can go to the next screen by} pressing the RIGHT ARROW key. If you wish to play the same game again, you should press the SPACE BAR. } } } } l. We play with it. } 2. We like to eat this. } 3. We sleep on this. 4. We can hear it ring. } Press RIGHT ARROW key for more game. } }  } 1. We ride in it. !} 2. I have one on my foot. 3. We drink from it. "} 4. I can read it. #} Classifying is the next reading skill we'll be considering. Classify- $} ing means putting information into groups. For example, when a child learns to say that eggs, apples, and bean%}s are all foods, she has learned the basic element of classification. As wit&}h word meanings, the best way to develop this skill is to work it into informal conversation. Here are some examples:'} "Shoes, socks, and pants are things to wear." "Books and magazines are things to read." (} On the next screen you'll find a game which will help your child develop classification s)}kills.   | APPLES | | SHIRTS | | BANANAS | | PANTS *} |     +} | BOYS | | DOLLS | | GIRLS | | WAGONS |   ,} 1. -}children 3. toys 2. things to wear 4. things to eat .} Press the right arrow key to play the game some more. /}  | CATS | | 3 7 9 2 | | DOGS | | 2 5 4 6 |  0}    | ANTS | | A 1}B C D | | FLIES | | E F G H |   2} 1. bugs 3. letters 3} 2. numbers 4. pets 4} There are many ways to help your chil5}d develop comprehension skills. Anything that helps the child think will also help her develop reading comprehen6}sion skills. One thing you can do is make your own games with7} paper and pencil, using the computer games to give you ideas about the format. 8} Talk to your child, listen to her, read to her, and above all, avoid high-pressure techniques9}. When thinking is fun, learning is sure to take place! :} ;} <} (SANDRA PARK, Ph.D., is an authority on computer-aided education.) [THEPTU%‰žPIC¤TLE¤BYL¤TXT¤ÎAMÓATÐAÔPGÅSCÒAKÂPGÓAMÍDLT¤DLIT¤KB¤AMÄPG¤APÇDLS¤T¤MS¤MD¤MM¤MB¤DCMP¤€€€€!>} € €€€!?}€€€€€€€' (} B'6€. D:PROFILE.CMP6�. ðòÏÆÉle BY chÁÎÔáì !@}F26‚.( A visit with novelist RAY BRADBURY F6ƒ. 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E€ ð€ Nþ) `%€ð€ Kû @%00 ð€ >þP!€ ðÐ%˜} ;Û ! 0ð� þN&!��ðp ûK00P ðp ^î   $`0 ðp kÛ%™}& � !ðÀ þN`!0  ðp ûK&   ! 0Pðp þ>!€0ðð  û+  $ %š}  $ ðÀ þ.  $  00ð  û$$  $00ð  þ 0  @ðp û+ @%›}  ! 0pðp Þ !! P  ðp ððððà ððððà úúúúú òòòòò øøøøø ÿÿÿÿÿ/ òòò‚EK%$m (In the last issue of THE NEW ALADDIN, sci-fi genius Ray Bradbury talked with Chantal about his new novel, com- pute)�}rs, nightmares, horror movies, and other frights and delights. The visit continues this issue with more thoughts )ž}on films and a look into the future.) )Ÿ} CHANTAL: The last time I spoke with you, we talked about "Something Wicked This Way Comes," wh) }ich remains one of my favorite movies. Is it still one of yours? )¡} BRADBURY: Oh, yes, I was delighted with it. Of course, I fought to have it made correctly, and that i)¢}s the way it turned out. CHANTAL: In the Hollywood system )£}so many people who write movies and see their stories destroyed on screen are devastated. Was it a difficult fight )¤} for you? BRADBURY: Yes, it was; and I was luck)¥}y they allowed me to fight, because as you know they have every right to throw you off the lot. Ron Miller, w)¦}ho is the wonderful head of Disney Studios, saw they were having problems and was wise enough and kind enough to allo)§}w me to stay so that I could help them revise, rewrite, and reshoot the film. )¨} CHANTAL: After that project was finished what did you fi)©}nd out about Ray Bradbury that you didn't know? BRADBURY: Well, I've always )ª}known that I was a good editor of my own work in fiction with the short stories and novels and poetry, but it was )«}the very first time I had ever sat in a projection room with a film editor and helped him edit. For the last reel )¬} I made up an editing script of the major shots there in the final scene because I had a hunch the way it shou)­}ld be edited and pasted together; and, by gosh, that's the way it turned out. My instincts were good, and I was able )®}to save a scene that other- wise might have been thrown out. I had a wonderful film editor working with me, and w)¯}e cooperated and I learned something and he learned something. )°} CHANTAL: Are you ready to make a movie again? Is it an experience you want to have again? )±} BRADBURY: Oh, yes, but you do have to rest up in between films beca)²}use it takes so much out of you. There are too many people involved, and the miracle is that we don't all kill )³}one another. Motion pictures are just about the most impossible art form in the history of the world. Publishing )´} is very easy, and producing a play is nothing compared to making a film. CHAN)µ}TAL: What makes Ray Bradbury angry? BRADBURY:)¶} Inefficiency. The inabil- ity of people to comprehend what it is they are doing - that can make me angry. I don')·}t like to have to ex- plain things to people. I work well with directors or actors or other writers who underst)¸}and immediately what I am talking about. I don't want to have to take time to explain to anyone why I do what )¹}I do. You either like my work or you don't. CHANTAL: You're working on s)º}ome other projects that I'm very interested in - particularly the opera. An opera by Ray Bradbury. It sounds wonderful)»}. BRADBURY: I'm working on two musical things: an opera and a musical drama. )¼} Right now I'm working on an opera based on a story of mine...about a great white comet that comes through the )½}universe every 40 years, and this blind space captain goes out to attack the comet that put out his eyes when he was a )¾}young astronaut. It's the concept of Herman Melville and the white whale, of course, carried into outer space bu)¿}t changing the whale into a comet and changing the sailing ship into a starship; so all the metaphors are trans)À}formed from sea metaphors to space metaphors. I've had a wonderful time writing the arias for this opera because i)Á}t's a huge subject - all of space to play with. I've had a lot of fun with that. And at the same time I'm writ)Â}ing a musical drama based on my novel, "Fahrenheit 451," about book burning in the future. )Ã} CHANTAL: Speaking of the future, what might we see in the next 20 years? )Ä} BRADBURY: The video recorders (and) players are going to change our whole soci)Å}ety from top to bottom. They're in the process now. Eight years ago the first ones appeared on the scene. We didn't)Æ} realize what was happening to us, how what we are going to see is the democratization of films, the democratizatio)Ç}n of television, the democratization of education, because it's going to take power away from the networks, it's goin)È}g to take power away from the studios, it's going to take power away from the theaters. It's going to deliver po)É}wer to educate better, if it's used sensibly by educators in the schools. This one device is probably the most r)Ê}evolu- tionary device, along with the com- puter, in the last 20 years. It will destroy theaters, but will help bu)Ë}ild other kinds. It will make for demo- cratic production facilities where young directors and producers can make )Ì} their own films, form their own companies, distribute VHS tapes through tape-of-the-month clubs, get peop)Í}le to subscribe to make films. I can imagine all kinds of new film companies springing up during the next 20 years.)Î} The networks are beginning to see it already. The theaters, the film producers are beginning to see that people ar)Ï}e staying home. They're going to make their own popcorn, invite three friends in and each pay $1.00. They rent a)Ð} film for the night and get some of the finest films in the history of the world. The best motion pictures ever mad)Ñ}e are right there in the shops this afternoon - the silent films, the dramatic films of the '20s, all the best com)Ò}edies, the horror films, you name it; they're all available. That means the docu- mentaries I've been seeing - I've )Ó}been a member of the documentary committee for the Academy Awards now for 20 years and I've seen 90 hours of film )Ô} every January from every country in the world - some of the most important documentaries in every subject you want)Õ} to think about - history, agri- culture, architecture, art history, world history, the history of the war, the holoc)Ö}aust, you name it - most of those have never been seen on PBS or in schools. They're too expensive. If you try to )×}buy a 16mm one-hour film, it costs you $400 to $500 dollars. Well, now with the VHS tape you can buy a tape )Ø}for $20. Every school 15 years from now will have one large-screen VHS tape (player) in it. )Ù} CHANTAL: Do you think someday we won't be looking at things on paper, but will be reading them on c)Ú}omputers? BRADBURY: Well, they have to improve the quality of the type, because i)Û}t isn't good enough yet and the size of the machines is too large. We'll have all these things. We'll have comput- )Ü} ers and we'll have books and we'll have magazines. There are more maga- zines today than ever. There are more spec)Ý}ialty magazines. The newspapers may be dying in some places, but smaller ones are growing up. Here in Los Angel)Þ}es we have dozens of local newspapers that are doing very well, and our big newspapers are doing very well here. Th)ß}e L.A. Times has got a million-and-a-half circulation every day. That's very respectable, isn't it? Things change )à}and then they come back again. It looks like something's dead and then it returns. )á} CHANTAL: Well, one thing that doesn't change is how fascinating you are. I always come away after talkin)â}g to you more curious about the things around me. )ã} BRADBURY: I'm glad. CHANTAL: Thank you so much and )ä} good-bye. Next time, dear reader, we'll talk with another interesting guest. Until then, this is Chantal in Holl)å}ywood wishing you a happy, star-filled tomorrow. (CHANTAL )æ}is the Hollywood correspon- dent for ABC-TV's "Good Morning America.") com- pute(nTU%x‰PIC¤TLE¤BYL¤TXT¤ÎAMÓATÐAÔPGÅSCÒAKÂPGÓAMÍDLT¤DLIT¤KB¤AMÄPG¤APÇDLS¤T¤MS¤MD¤MM¤MB¤DCMP¤€€€€-è} € €€€-é}€€€€€€€# (} B#6€. D:REF.CMP6�.  òåÆÅrenCE sÈÅìæ  B-ê}26‚.( by JIM CHANEY B6ƒ. 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E)0  $@$0" 6&P2:} &N)@! !@�()`p +&!E%)  �$`€ F%%&:% ð2;}�€0!%0o0  À %€P$P0*/ !ðÐ)O`1@0.*)+?0ð !_.`P@J2<}? @@?ŸŸ`PJ*;/ %*+ÿ?Ÿ`P+V%O /ÿŸŸ`p.:Z+09ÿŸŸÐ/2=}+: !5ÿŸŸÐ?/.? 4ÿ¯.+_Ð//*+/ !¿/o*oÀ*?+:.O 4*&)Z2>}_*+_À/Z?! %&z_&_ /Z./04*:)+O;: *??*+?0J2?}:)J>**! * `*/N/./O*:*%$ :Ÿ *`*/kO*:*+ïŸ`?/..>2@}O:ÿ?&Ÿ0 ?/+«/Zÿ?ÿ¯+/%ÿÿŸ&4.)/./‘&úúš&ñ‘”6öö†&ô”‘&ùù‰&ñ‘”6öö†0/ You've just finished reading the Tastings column and you are ready to whip up some fabulous chicken in red wine6B}. You gather up your system, grabbing a disk drive with one hand, a monitor with the other, the computer under you6C}r arm and cables clenched in your teeth. Clear off a counter or two and you are ready to start cooking. 6D} But, wait a minute! This is the age of high technol6E}ogy, you shouldn't have to drag your whole system into the kitchen to prepare one of Gus' recipes. You'll never h6F}ave to do that again. On disk 2 side 1 you will find a program called "PRINTXT.BAS". Running this program allows y6G}ou to print out any of the text files found in THE NEW ALADDIN. 6H} Here's how it works: Copy PRINTXT.BAS to a separate diskette. Then copy any of the text files you 6I} wish to print out onto the same diskette. Run PRINTXT.BAS and tell it which file you'd like to print. In the 6J}case of Tastings you would type D:TASTE.TXT. (For the names of the other articles run a directory, from DOS, of t6K}he disk on which that article appears.) PRINTXT.BAS6L} is set up to run on all Epson printers. While this should work for most printers the code in line 10 can be modi6M}fied for your particular system configuration. One caveat to note: P6N}RINTXT.BAS will not correctly print out articles with graphics embedded in them. For example, Corporate Carol and 6O}Reading Corner cannot be printed out in their entirety using this program. 6P} In volume 1.2 we provided readers with a routine to print out the cover graphics from the articles and now 6Q} we've provided a routine that will print the text files. What's next? A routine that will print out the file6R}s, like Corporate Carol and The Reading Corner, which have graphics embedded in them. As you might imagine, 6S}this is taking some doing, but we're working on it. It is our g6T}oal to give computers more and more reasons to be in your homes and offices eating precious electricity. By br6U}inging you enter- tainment, interesting information and useful tidbits, like this text printing routine, we hop6V}e we are achieving our goal. Have a suggestion toward this end? Or maybe a computer problem we might be able to h6W}elp with? Drop us a line here at The Reference Shelf and we'll do our best. (The address is listed in DIR:ETC.) 6X} In the meantime we'll keep looking for ways to help you get more power from your 8-bit machine and help you 6Y} get more out of computing. Until next time, enjoy the text prin6Z}ting routine. Hopefully this will stop all the mail we've been getting asking how to get vinaigrette sauce out of ke6[}yboards. ng the Tastings column and you are ready to whip up some fabulous chicken in red wine4  L0ÎÁA¤ÙÌN¤T¤Ô@�<@�<€AA ‹ A%‚;@`,…;@:]},16„-E€-@@H3V6„-„%@Z €}3>:@',>:@�,>:@`,‹6„-„%@ƒ (}-@@:^}F(&X-@@ƒ(&|THE NEW ALADDIN TEXT FILE DUMP v.1.0|{-@@:_}@(&R-@@{($THIS ROUTINE WILL ALLOW YOU TO PRINTx-@@:`}=(#A  ÔÅØÔ  FILE FROM THE NEW ALADDIN.O-@@x($THIS ROUTINE WORKS WITH  ÅÐÓÏΠ CODEt-@@<:a}("PRINTERS. IT IS DESIGNED TO PRINTN-@@ t(! ÔÅØÔ ÏÎÌÙ  FILES, i.e. TASTINGS.w-@@?(%TEXT F:b}ILES END WITH A ®ÔØÔ  EXTENDER.Q-@@w(!PLEASE ENTER FILE TO PRINT IN THEg-@@8(FOLLOWING FO:c}RMAT  Äîºæéìå®ÔØÔ J-@@c(ENTER FILE TO PRINTg… @@… B @€X:d}6‚7@<@,. 56‚7@`<@`,. D6‚7@,.‚X€-@@@()@�2%!6‚7€%@ <€%@ :e},.>:�,% €<H3‚6„-„%@!„"@a-6„-@A€-@@D3H €F @0P8@ B.€-:f}@@f&„135 €8d"@ B" An… +(}%-@@L(" ÅÒÒÏÒ  - EITHER PRINT:g}ER IS NOT ON^-@@ …("OR FILE WAS NOT FOUND - TRY AGAIN.x„%2A!@@9‡-@A:h}= ‡_2s‡-@Aw ‡z„ @€ D:PRINTXT.BAS%‚;@`,…;@8bQR‡˜T¤ÎAMÄMS¤MD¤AMÓAÔSCÒDLIT¤DLT¤MM¤PGÓPGÅPG¤APÇATÐAMÍTLE¤KB¤AKÂÙDLS¤€€€>j}€€ € € €€€>k} e (}@e% Bp7AYA A0SAAveAR@D6‘. äéÒºadvE>l}RTIsemÅÎôó D6�-?:…m}@@<@,X26‘.(NEXT PAGE ÛŸÝ . LAST ÛžÝ .. 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